Approaches to the Curriculum

Approaches to the Curriculum

(Iringan, 2008, p. 67-73)

The Six Features of a Curriculum

1. The Teacher(s)

-the one who teach

-they are the shining light to the learning environment

-needed to get the wisdom from the knowledge

2. The Learners

-being taught by the teacher

-the center of the curriculum

-there is no teaching without them

3. Knowledge, Attitude and Skills

-the output or the achieve result attained by the learners

4. Teaching Strategies and Methods

-refer to the special facility or technique used by the teacher in facilitating learning

5. Learners Performance

-the degree or amount of teaching was learned

-results from good skills, moral values and knowledge of facts

6. Community Partners

-Community linkages to the school

-the partnership of Non Government Organizations’ to the school

Approaches to the Curriculum

• Child-centered Approach = is a loom of teaching focusing on the needs of the students, rather than those of others involved in the educational process, such as teachers and administrators. Student-centered learning, that is, putting students first, is in stark contrast to existing establishment/teacher-centered lecturing and careerism. Student-centered learning is focused on the student's needs, abilities, interests, and learning styles with the teacher as a facilitator of learning.

• Subject-centered Approach = also called Traditional education which focused on rote learning and memorization. Teachers are the instruments by which this knowledge is communicated and these standards of behavior are enforced.

• Problem-centered Approach = students collaboratively solve problems and reflect on their experiences. Learning is driven by challenging, open-ended, ill-defined and ill-structured, practical problems. Instructional activities are based on learning strategies involving semantic reasoning, case based reasoning, analogical reasoning, causal reasoning, and inquiry reasoning, These activities include creating stories; reasoning about cases; concept mapping; causal mapping; cognitive hypertext crisscrossing; reason analysis un-redoing; analogy making; and question generating.

• Human Relation Approach = deal with human beings and their relationships to one another. Conrad & Poole (1998) refer to as a "relational strategy of organizing" is more commonly called the "human relations approach" or "human relations school" of management by organizational theorists. This human relations approach can be seen as being almost entirely antithetical to the principles of classical management theory. Where classical management focused on the rationalization of work routines, human relations approaches stressed the accommodation of work routines and individual emotional and relational needs as a means of increasing productivity. To a great extent, the human relations approach can be seen as a response to classical management -- an attempt to move away from the inflexibility of classical management approaches (Retrieve from: http://comminfo.rutgers.edu/~whitew/357lecture_3.htm).

Prepared by: Archie Ryan B. Cutanda